Pingyao Polished Lacquer Ware

Pingyao polished lacquer ware is classed as having one of the most original lacquer techniques within China. Its palm rubbing technique and attention to detail makes it intriguing and attractive to many throughout the world.

Pingyao polished lacquer ware first started to emerge during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) and became a well known trade in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). The original techniques from Pingyao were quickly introduced to the north of China where it became known as one of the four famous Chinese lacquer wares. It was heavily exported to Mongolia, Russia and Southeast Asia. During the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties, Pingyao Lacquer ware was exhibited in many western countries and was praised by craftsmen as one of the finest lacquer wares.

Throughout the centuries, craftsmen have perfected the intricate designs and techniques needed to create astounding polished lacquer ware. Many different craftsmen are usually needed to finish off a Pingyao craftware as each step requires a different skill. There are five main steps involved in Pingyao polished lacquer ware.

The first step is to create the base. Wood, bamboo and ceramics are commonly used for this. Carvings are added at this step as well. Some popular forms of polished lacquer ware are jewelry boxes, wardrobes, screens, vases, bowls and plates.

To create a smooth surface, the base is then covered with hemp and coated with a strong first coat of lacquer. This is essential for the long durability of the lacquer ware and stops the pattern from eroding.

The next step uses palm rubbing to produce a jade like texture which helps create the detailed painted designs. Craftsmen first rub the item with wet sandpaper. Next, the palm of the hand is then used to rub the surface for a polished finish. It is then lacquered to create a thick coat of varnish. This process is repeated between five and eight times. Many craftsmen will rub over the object a thousand times to produce the smooth and sleek aesthetic design common to Pingyao lacquer ware. Women are often used for this part of the process as their palms are seen as more sensitive and suitable to produce the desired effect.

A pattern or painting is then added onto the craftwork. Painters must have at least four years of experience before they are able to work with Pingyao lacquer ware. Most paintings involve fictitious characters from local myths and legends. The last step involves adding coloured stones, ivory, shells and other decorations to the lacquer ware. This last step is a recent addition to the process and is quite popular on souvenirs for tourists. Gold lines, mother of pearl inlay and raised carvings are common designs adding beauty and elegance to Pingyao lacquer ware.

Pingyao polished lacquer ware is regarded as a unique and original form of Chinese lacquer ware. The region produces some of the finest and detailed art works within China. It is an iconic traditional art form which will be admired for many generations to come.